صناعة الدواجن المتكاملة 3

Information

from

processing

plant

Cleaning out

House

inspection

Lighting

program

Visitors

Time and date of removal

Carcass quality

Health inspection

Carcass composition

Type and % condemnations

Total bacterial counts

Record time of daily checks

Make note of any bird

observations

Dark and light period

Time on and time off

Who

Why

Date and reason for visit

Previous farm visits (place

and date)

After disinfection, Salmonella,

Staphylococcus or E.coli may be monitored

if required

Behavior and environmental conditions

Intermittent or not

Should be completed for every vistor to

ensure traceability

Appendix 2: Converation tables:

: جداول التحويلات

LENGTH

1 meter (m)

1 foot (ft)

1 centimeter (cm)

1 inch (in)

= 3.281 feet (ft)

= 0.305 meter (m)

= 0.394 inch (in)

= 2.54 centimeters (cm)

AREA

1 square meter (m2)

1 square foot (ft2)

= 10.76 square feet (ft2)

= 0.093 square meter (m2)

VOLUME

1 litter (L)

1 Imperial gallon (gal)

1 US gallon (gal US))

1 imperial gallon (gal)

1 cubic meter (m3)

1 cubic foot (ft3)

= 0.22 gallon (gal) or 0.264 US gallons (gal US)

= 4.54 litter (L)

= 3.79 litters (L)

= 1.2 US gallon (gal US)

= 36.31 cubic feet (ft3)

= 0.028 cubic neter (m3)

WEIGHT

1 kilogram (kg)

1 pound (Ib)

1 gram (g)

1 ounce (oz)

= 2.205 pounds (Ib)

= 0.454 kilogram (kg)

= 0.035 ounce (oz)

= 28.35 grams (g)

١٨٥

Floor area (m2) x max. lux required

Number of Lamps+ =

Wattage of lamp x K factor

+

This formula is for tungsten at a height of 2 meters above bird level.

Flurescent lights provide three to five times the number of lux per Watt as

tungsten bulbs.

K factor depends on lamp wattage as shown below.

POWER OF LAMP (WATTS)

15

25

40

60

100

K FACTOR

3.8

4.2

4.6

5.0

6.0

Appendix 3: Key performance parameters:مقاييس الآداء الإنتاجي/معايير

Production Efficiency Factor (PEF)+

Livability x Live Weight in kg

Age in Days x FCR

x 100

e.g. Age 42 days, live weight 2.652 g, livability 97.20%, FCR 1.75

97.20 x 2.652

-------------------- x 100 = 351

42 x 1.75

e.g. Age 46 days, live weight 3.006 g, livability 96.90%, FCR 1.83

96.90 x 3.006

-----------------------x 100 = 346

46 x 1.83

١٨٨

Feed conversion ratio (FCR) :

: معامل التحويل الغذائي

Total Feed Consumed

FCR = -----------------------------------Total Live Weight e.g. A sample of 10 birds has a total live weight of 31480 g (69.34 Ib) and they have consumed a total feed amount of 36.807 g (81.07 Ib). the average feed conversion for this sample set would be calculated as follows:

36807 g (81.07 Ib)

FCR = -------------------------= 1.169

31480 g (69.34 Ib)

NOTES:

The lower the FCR, the more efficient a bird (or sample of birds) is at converting the feed consumed into live body weight. It is especially important for broilers to have good FCR because they are often processed at a targeted live weight and customers want to get as much saleable meat

as possible.

Adjusted feed conversion ratio (adjusted FCR)

Target Body Weight – Actual Body Weight

Adjusted FCR = Actual FCR + -------------------------------------------------Factor Depending on the units of measurement used, the factor in the above equation will change. For AH, a factor of 10 Ib, 4.5 kg, or 4500 g should be used, depending on the unit of measurement. This equation provides a good estimation of adjusted FCR for broiler performance comparison. However, it is important to note that adjusting FCR to target weights beyond + or – 0.5 Ib/0.227 kg/227 g of the actual weight can distort the comparison.

e.g. (Unit is in g)

١٩٠

Appendix 4: Feather Sexing : : التجنيس بالريش Indentification of males and females by feather sexing at day-old may be accomplished easily at the hatchery in progeny from slow-feathering Parent Stock. In feather-sexable broilers fast-feathering chicks are female and slow-feathering chicks are male. The type of feathering is identified by observing the relationship between coverts (upper layer) and the primaries (low layer), which are found on the outer half of the wing.

Male broiler chick wing feathers.

In the slow-feathering male chick, the primaries are the same length or shorter than the coverts; see the figures below.

Female broiler chick wing feathers.

In the fast-feathering female chick, the primaries are longer than the figure

below.

١٩٢

: حلول المشاكل

Appendix 5: Problem solving :

Problem

High

early

mortality

(> 1% in first

week)

Possible Causes

Poor chick quality

Action

Check hatchery practice and egg

hygiene

Incorrect brooding

Re-adjust brooders

Disease

Post mortems on dead chicks, take

veterinary advice

Appetite

High mortality

(post 7 days)

Metabolic diseases (ascites

sudden death syndrome)

Infectious diseases

Leg problems

Poor early

growth and

uniformity

Nutrition

Chick quality

Environmental conditions

Appetite

Disease

١٩٣

Measure and achieve target crop fill

levels

Check feed availability – amount and

space

Check ventilation rates

Check feed formulation

Acoid excessive early growth rates

Check hatchery ventilation

Establish cause (post mortem)

Take veterinary advice on medication

and vaccination

Check water consumption

Check calcium, phosphorus, asnd

Vitamin D levels in diet

Use lighting programs to increase bird

activity

Check starter ration – availability and

nutritional and physical quality

Check water supply – availability and

quality

Check hatchery procedures – egg

hygiene, storage, incubation condition,

hatch time, transport time and

conditions

Check temperature and humidity

profiles

Check daylength

Check air quality – CO2, dust minimum

ventilation rate

Check poor stimulation of apetite – low

proportion of birds with full crops

Post mortems on dead chicks, take

veterinary advice